Kitozán nanorészecskék biostimuláns hatása és mezőgazdasági felhasználási lehetőségei: irodalmi áttekintés
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17108/ActAgrOvar.2026.67.1.160Kulcsszavak:
biostimuláns, kitozán nanorészecskék, lassan felszabaduló műtrágya, tápanyag-felvételAbsztrakt
A világszerte növekvő élelmiszertermelési igény jelentős nyomást gyakorol a mezőgazdaságra, amely folyamatos kihívásokkal néz szembe a biotikus és abiotikus stresszorok miatt, amelyek korlátozzák a növények növekedését. A kitozán nanorészecskék (ChNPs) fenntartható biostimulánsként jelentek meg az agrokémiai inputok alternatívájaként, köszönhetően biológiai lebomlásuknak, biokompatibilitásuknak és multifunkcionális biológiai tulajdonságaiknak. A kitozán, amelyet elsősorban rákfélék hulladékából származó kitin deacetilezésével nyernek, ionos gélképzéssel nanorészecskékké alakítható. Ez a folyamat nagyobb felületet, jobb penetrációt és magasabb biológiai hatékonyságot eredményez. A ChNPs hatékony biostimulánsként működnek a növényi védelmi rendszerek aktiválásával, a fotoszintézis fokozásával, a tápanyag-felvétel javításával, a gyökérnövekedés elősegítésével, valamint a szárazság, sóstressz és hőstressz elleni ellenállóképesség növelésével. Emellett javítják a termésmennyiség jellemzőit és a betakarítás utáni minőséget különböző növényekben. Továbbá a ChNPs antibakteriális, antivirális, antifungális és rovarirtó tulajdonságokat mutatnak, így robusztus védelmet nyújtanak számos betegség és kártevő ellen. A növényi növekedés szabályozásán túl a ChNPs nem virális génszállító eszközként is szolgálnak, és hozzájárulnak a talaj egészségéhez a hasznos mikroorganizmusok tevékenységének fokozásával, valamint a kontrollált kiadású műtrágya-formulációk lehetővé tételével. A fémeket, polimereket, mikroalgákat és baktériumokat integráló hibrid ChNPs-alapú nanokompozitok tovább növelik mezőgazdasági hatékonyságukat a tápanyag-szállítás, a stressztűrés és a biológiai védekezés javításával. A jelentős előrelépések ellenére a jövőbeli kutatásoknak elsőbbséget kell adniuk a hibrid nanostruktúrák nyílt terepi hitelesítésének és optimalizálásának a szélesebb körű mezőgazdasági alkalmazás érdekében. A ChNPs sokoldalú és környezetbarát nanotechnológiai platformot képviselnek, széles potenciállal a fenntartható mezőgazdaságban és a talajkezelésben.
Hivatkozások
Abdel-Aziz, H. M., Hasaneen, M. N., & Omer, A. M. (2016). Nano chitosan-NPK fertilizer enhances the growth and productivity of wheat plants grown in sandy soil. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research, 14(1), e0902. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2016141-8205
Abdel-Razik, A., Hammad, I., & Tawfik, E. (2017). Transformation of thionin genes using chitosan nanoparticle into potato plant to be resistant to fungal infection. IOSR Journal of Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 3(3), 1-8. https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbb/papers/Volume%203,%20Issue%203/A03030113.pdf
Abdou, E. S., Nagy, K. S. A., & Elsabee, M. Z. (2008). Extraction and characterization of chitin and chitosan from local sources. Bioresource Technology, 99(5), 1359-1367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.01.051
Abuelsoud, W., Saleh, A. M., Mohammed, A. E., Alotaibi, M. O., & AbdElgawad, H. (2023). Chitosan nanoparticles upregulate C and N metabolism in soybean plants grown under elevated levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 252, 126434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126434
Aranaz, I., Alcántara, A. R., Civera, M. C., Arias, C., Elorza, B., Heras Caballero, A., & Acosta, N. (2021). Chitosan: An overview of its properties and applications. Polymers, 13(19), 3256. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13193256
Bakhoum, G., Sadak, M., & Tawfic, M. (2022). Chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle effect on growth, productivity and some biochemical aspects of Lupinus termis L. plant under drought conditions. Egyptian Journal of Chemistry, 65(5), 537-549. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356235388_Chitosan_and_chitosan_nanoparticle_effect_on_growth_productivity_and_some_biochemical_aspects_of_Lupinus_termis_L_plant_under_drought_conditions
Benhamou, N., & Thériault, G. (1992). Treatment with chitosan enhances resistance of tomato plants to the crown and root rot pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 41(1), 33-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/0885-5765(92)90047-Y
Divya, K., & Jisha, M. (2018). Chitosan nanoparticles preparation and applications. Environmental Chemistry Letters, 16(1), 101-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-017-0670-y
Divya, K., Thampi, M., Vijayan, S., Shabanamol, S., & Jisha, M. S. (2021). Chitosan nanoparticles as a rice growth promoter: Evaluation of biological activity. Archives of Microbiology, 204(1), 95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-021-02669-w
Du Jardin, P. (2015). Plant biostimulants: Definition, concept, main categories and regulation. Scientia Horticulturae, 196, 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.021
Dzung, N. A., Khanh, V. T. P., & Dzung, T. T. (2011). Research on impact of chitosan oligomers on biophysical characteristics, growth, development and drought resistance of coffee. Carbohydrate Polymers, 84(2), 751-755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.07.066
El Hadrami, A., Adam, L. R., El Hadrami, I., & Daayf, F. (2010). Chitosan in plant protection. Marine Drugs, 8(4), 968-987. https://doi.org/10.3390/md8040968
Elieh-Ali-Komi, D., & Hamblin, M. R. (2016). Chitin and chitosan: Production and application of versatile biomedical nanomaterials. International Journal of Advanced Research, 4(3), 411-427.
El-Miniawy, S., Ragab, M., Youssef, S., & Metwally, A. (2013). Response of strawberry plants to foliar spraying of chitosan. Research Journal of Agriculture and Biological Sciences, 9(6), 366-372.
Emami Bistgani, Z., Siadat, S. A., Bakhshandeh, A., Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A., & Hashemi, M. (2017). Interactive effects of drought stress and chitosan application on physiological characteristics and essential oil yield of Thymus daenensis Celak. The Crop Journal, 5(5), 407-415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2017.04.003
García, M., Casariego, A., Díaz, R., & Roblejo, L. (2014). Effect of edible chitosan/zeolite coating on tomato quality during refrigerated storage. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, 26(3), 239-248. https://doi.org/10.9755/ejfa.v26i3.16620
García-Carrasco, M., Valdez-Baro, O., Cabanillas-Bojórquez, L. A., Bernal-Millán, M. J., Rivera-Salas, M. M., Gutiérrez-Grijalva, E. P., & Heredia, J. B. (2023). Potential agricultural uses of micro/nano encapsulated chitosan: A review. Macromol, 3(3), 614-635. https://doi.org/10.3390/macromol3030034
González, L. M., Guerrero, Y. R., Rodríguez, A. F., & Vázquez, M. N. (2015). Effect of seed treatment with chitosan on the growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings cv. INCA LP-5 in saline medium. Cultivos Tropicales, 36(1), 136-142.
Górnik, K., Grzesik, M., & Romanowska-Duda, B. (2008). The effect of chitosan on rooting of grapevine cuttings and on subsequent plant growth under drought and temperature stress. Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research, 16, 333-343.
Gutiérrez-Ruiz, S. C., Cortés, H., González-Torres, M., Almarhoon, Z. M., Gürer, E. S., Sharifi-Rad, J., & Leyva-Gómez, G. (2024). Optimize the parameters for the synthesis by the ionic gelation technique, purification, and freeze-drying of chitosan-sodium tripolyphosphate nanoparticles for biomedical purposes. Journal of Biological Engineering, 18(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13036-024-00403-w
Hadwiger, L. A. (2013). Multiple effects of chitosan on plant systems: Solid science or hype. Plant Science, 208, 42-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.03.007
Hidangmayum, A., Dwivedi, P., Katiyar, D., & Hemantaranjan, A. (2019). Application of chitosan on plant responses with special reference to abiotic stress. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 25(2), 313-326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12298-018-0633-1
Hoang, N. H., Le Thanh, T., Sangpueak, R., Treekoon, J., Saengchan, C., Thepbandit, W., Papathoti, N. K., Kamkaew, A., & Buensanteai, N. (2022). Chitosan nanoparticles-based ionic gelation method: A promising candidate for plant disease management. Polymers, 14(4), 662. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14040662
Ingle, P. U., Shende, S. S., Shingote, P. R., Mishra, S. S., Sarda, V., Wasule, D. L., Rajput, V. D., Minkina, T., Rai, M., Sushkova, S., Mandzhieva, S., & Gade, A. (2022). Chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs): A versatile growth promoter in modern agricultural production. Heliyon, 8(11), e11893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11893
Iriti, M., & Faoro, F. (2009). Chitosan as a MAMP, searching for a PRR. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 4(1), 66-68.
Iriti, M., Picchi, V., Rossoni, M., Gomarasca, S., Ludwig, N., Gargano, M., & Faoro, F. (2009). Chitosan antitranspirant activity is due to abscisic acid-dependent stomatal closure. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 66(3), 493-500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.01.004
Kandra, P., Challa, M. M., & Jyothi, H. K. (2012). Efficient use of shrimp waste: Present and future trends. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 93(1), 17-29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-011-3651-2
Karamchandani, B. M., Dalvi, S. G., Bagayatkar, M., Banat, I. M., & Satpute, S. K. (2024). Prospective applications of chitosan and chitosan-based nanoparticles formulations in sustainable agricultural practices. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 58, 103210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2024.103210
Kashyap, P. L., Xiang, X., & Heiden, P. (2015). Chitosan nanoparticle based delivery systems for sustainable agriculture. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 77, 36-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.02.039
Khairy, A. M., Tohamy, M. R., Zayed, M. A., Mahmoud, S. F., El-Tahan, A. M., El-Saadony, M. T., & Mesiha, P. K. (2022). Eco-friendly application of nano-chitosan for controlling potato and tomato bacterial wilt. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 29(4), 2199-2209.
Kulikov, S., Chirkov, S., Il’Ina, A., Lopatin, S., & Varlamov, V. (2006). Effect of the molecular weight of chitosan on its antiviral activity in plants. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology, 42(2), 200-203. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0003683806020165
Kumaraswamy, R. V., Kumari, S., Choudhary, R. C., Pal, A., Raliya, R., Biswas, P., & Saharan, V. (2018). Engineered chitosan based nanomaterials: Bioactivities, mechanisms and perspectives in plant protection and growth. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 113, 494-506. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.02.130
Li, K., Xing, R., Liu, S., & Li, P. (2020). Chitin and chitosan fragments responsible for plant elicitor and growth stimulator. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 68(44), 12203-12211. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05316
Malerba, M., & Cerana, R. (2016). Chitosan effects on plant systems. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(7), 996. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17070996
Malerba, M., & Cerana, R. (2019). Recent applications of chitin- and chitosan-based polymers in plants. Polymers, 11(5), 839. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11050839
Maluin, F. N., & Hussein, M. Z. (2020). Chitosan-based agronanochemicals as a sustainable alternative in crop protection. Molecules, 25(7), 1611. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25071611
Molnár, Z., Lamnganbi, M., Solomon, W., & Janda, T. (2023). Chitosan and cyanobacterial biomass accounting physiological and biochemical development of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under nutrient stress conditions. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 6(4), e20428. https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20428
Mondal, M. M., Malek, M. A., Puteh, A. B., Ismail, M. R., Ashrafuzzaman, M., & Naher, L. (2012). Effect of foliar application of chitosan on growth and yield in okra. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 6(5), 918-921.
Mourya, V. K., & Inamdar, N. N. (2008). Chitosan-modifications and applications: Opportunities galore. Reactive and Functional Polymers, 68(6), 1013-1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.03.002
Nandhini, R., Rajeswari, E., Harish, S., Sivakumar, V., & Gangai Selvi, R. (2025). Role of chitosan nanoparticles in sustainable plant disease management. Journal of Nanoparticle Research, 27, 13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-024-06203-z
Nandini, T., Sudhalakshmi, C., Sivakumar, K., Parameswari, E., & Thangamani, C. (2025). A review—chitosan nanoparticles towards enhancing nutrient use efficiency in crops. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 306, 141433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.141433
Nguyen Van, S., Dinh Minh, H., & Nguyen Anh, D. (2013). Study on chitosan nanoparticles on biophysical characteristics and growth of Robusta coffee in green house. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2(4), 289-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2013.06.001
No, H. K., & Meyers, S. P. (1995). Preparation and characterization of chitin and chitosan—a review. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology, 4(2), 27-52.
Orzali, L., Corsi, B., Forni, C., & Riccioni, L. (2017). Chitosan in agriculture: A new challenge for managing plant disease. In E. A. Shalaby (Ed.), Biological activities and application of marine polysaccharides (pp. 17-36). https://doi.org/10.5772/66840
Pellis, A., Guebitz, G. M., & Nyanhongo, G. S. (2022). Chitosan: Sources, processing and modification techniques. Gels, 8(7), 393. https://doi.org/10.3390/gels8070393
Pichyangkura, R., & Chadchawan, S. (2015). Biostimulant activity of chitosan in horticulture. Scientia Horticulturae, 196, 49-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.031
Sahab, A., Waly, A., Sabbour, M., & Nawar, L. S. (2015). Synthesis, antifungal and insecticidal potential of Chitosan (CS)-g-poly (acrylic acid)(PAA) nanoparticles against some seed borne fungi and insects of soybean. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 8(2), 589-598.
Saharan, V., Mehrotra, A., Khatik, R., Rawal, P., Sharma, S., & Pal, A. (2013). Synthesis of chitosan based nanoparticles and their in vitro evaluation against phytopathogenic fungi. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 62, 677-683.
Saharan, V., Sharma, G., Yadav, M., Choudhary, M. K., Sharma, S., Pal, A., Raliya, R., & Biswas, P. (2015). Synthesis and in vitro antifungal efficacy of Cu–chitosan nanoparticles against pathogenic fungi of tomato. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 75, 346-353.
Sangwan, S., Sharma, P., Wati, L., & Mehta, S. (2023). Chapter 4 - Effect of chitosan nanoparticles on growth and physiology of crop plants. In A. Husen (Ed.), Engineered nanomaterials for sustainable agricultural production, soil improvement and stress management (pp. 99-123). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91933-3.00011-8
Sawaguchi, A., Ono, S., Oomura, M., Inami, K., Kumeta, Y., Honda, K., Sameshima-Saito, R., Sakamoto, K., Ando, A., & Saito, A. (2015). Chitosan degradation and associated changes in bacterial community structures in two contrasting soils. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 61(3), 471-480.
Sharif, R., Mujtaba, M., Ur Rahman, M., Shalmani, A., Ahmad, H., Anwar, T., Tianchan, D., & Wang, X. (2018). The multifunctional role of chitosan in horticultural crops: A review. Molecules, 23(4), 872. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040872
Sharp, R. G. (2013). A review of the applications of chitin and its derivatives in agriculture to modify plant-microbial interactions and improve crop yields. Agronomy, 3(4), 757-793. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy3040757
Shcherban, A. B. (2023). Chitosan and its derivatives as promising plant protection tools. Vavilovskii Zhurnal Genetiki i Selektsii, 27(8), 1010-1021. https://doi.org/10.18699/vjgb-23-116
Shukla, S. K., Mishra, A. K., Arotiba, O. A., & Mamba, B. B. (2013). Chitosan-based nanomaterials: A state-of-the-art review. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 59, 46-58.
Sini, T. K., Santhosh, S., & Mathew, P. T. (2007). Study on the production of chitin and chitosan from shrimp shell by using Bacillus subtilis fermentation. Carbohydrate Research, 342(16), 2423-2429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carres.2007.06.028
Sreekumar, S., Goycoolea, F. M., Moerschbacher, B. M., & Rivera-Rodriguez, G. R. (2018). Parameters influencing the size of chitosan-TPP nano- and microparticles. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 4695. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-23064-4
Suseno, N., Savitri, E., Sapei, L., & Padmawijaya, K. S. (2014). Improving shelf-life of Cavendish banana using chitosan edible coating. Procedia Chemistry, 9, 113-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2014.05.014
Xing, K., Zhu, X., Peng, X., & Qin, S. (2015). Chitosan antimicrobial and eliciting properties for pest control in agriculture: A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 35(2), 569-588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-014-0252-3
Xu, Y., Bajaj, M., Schneider, R., Grage, S. L., Ulrich, A. S., Winter, J., & Gallert, C. (2013). Transformation of the matrix structure of shrimp shells during bacterial deproteination and demineralization. Microbial Cell Factories, 12(1), 90. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2859-12-90
Yakhin, O. I., Lubyanov, A. A., Yakhin, I. A., & Brown, P. H. (2017). Biostimulants in plant science: A global perspective [Review]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7, 2049. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2016.02049
Younes, I., & Rinaudo, M. (2015). Chitin and chitosan preparation from marine sources. Structure, properties and applications. Marine Drugs, 13(3), 1133-1174. https://doi.org/10.3390/md13031133
Zahoor, Faqir, Y., Dai, W., Lai, Q., Ma, J., & Tan, C. (2025). Utilization of chitosan for the controlled-release fertilizer and its impact on plant and soil. Materials Today Communications, 47, 113213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2025.113213
Zeng, D., & Luo, X. (2012). Physiological effects of chitosan coating on wheat growth and activities of protective enzyme with drought tolerance. Open Journal of Soil Science, 2(3), 282-287. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2012.23034
Zhang, H., & Neau, S. H. (2001). In vitro degradation of chitosan by a commercial enzyme preparation: Effect of molecular weight and degree of deacetylation. Biomaterials, 22(12), 1653-1658. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-9612(00)00326-4
Downloads
Megjelent
Hogyan kell idézni
Folyóirat szám
Rovat
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
