The Potential of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents for the Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Caffeine from Green Coffee (Coffea arabica) Beans
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17108/ActAgrOvar.2026.67.1.90Keywords:
chlorogenic acid, deep eutectic solvents, green coffee beans, phenolic compoundsAbstract
A natural deep eutectic solvent (NDES) mixture was studied for extracting phenolic compounds from green coffee beans (GCB) (Coffea arabica). Dehydrated, finely ground GCBs were extracted with water, 50 % aqueous ethanol, and NDES (glucose and glycerin, 1:1 M) at 30 ˚C for 30, 60, and 90 min using a shaking incubation method. The process was repeated at 50 °C for 30 min. Total phenolic content (TPC) was measured via the Folin-Ciocalteu test. Chlorogenic acids (3-, 4-, and 5-caffeoylquinic acid) and caffeine were quantified by HPLC-PDA. At 30 °C, the highest TPC (48.7 ± 0.6 mg GAE/g) was found in the NDES 30-min extract, comparable (P > 0.05) to NDES 60-min (47.4 ± 0.1 mg GAE/g) and 90-min (48.6 ± 1.1 mg GAE/g) extracts. The highest chlorogenic acid content (52.4 ± 0.6 mg/g) was in 50 % ethanol, 30-min extraction, similar (P > 0.05) to other ethanolic extracts and NDES 60- and 90-min extracts. Caffeine content (12.1 ± 0.2 mg/g) peaked in 50 % ethanol, 30-min extract, similar (P > 0.05) to most other extracts except NDES 30-min (11.3 ± 0.3 mg/g). NDES at 50 °C gave 46.9 ± 0.5 mg/g TPC, 48.6 ± 0.7 mg/g chlorogenic acid, and 11.1 ± 0.2 mg/g caffeine, not significantly different from 30 °C. These results indicate glucose–glycerin NDES is a promising, eco-friendly solvent for extracting phenolic compounds from GCBs, providing an alternative to 50 % ethanol.
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