A foltosszárnyú muslica (Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, 1931) kártétele bogyós gyümölcsökben, és a szalicilsav, mint lehetőség a kártevő elleni védekezésben
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17108/ActAgrOvar.2025.66.2.67Kulcsszavak:
Drosophila suzukii, bogyós gyümölcsök, folytontermők, szalicilsav, szisztémás szerzett rezisztenciaAbsztrakt
A foltosszárnyú, vagy pettyesszárnyú muslica (Drosophila suzukii) egy Kelet-Ázsiából származó, de napjainkban egész világon jól ismert kertészeti kártevő, amely főként a bogyós gyümölcsökben, illetve egyes csonthéjas növényeken okoz súlyos gazdasági károkat. A nőivarú egyedek fűrészes tojócsővel rendelkeznek. Az érőfélben lévő gyümölcsbe petét helyezve a bogyó lehullik, másodlagos fertőzések (gombák, baktériumok) révén rothad és eladhatatlanná válik. Mivel napjainkban hazánkban még nincs teljesen bevált védekezési eljárás a kártevő ellen, fontos, hogy azt minél előbb megtaláljuk. A bogyós gyümölcsöknél külön nehézséget jelent az élelmezési várakozási idő betartása, mivel általában folytonérő fajokról van szó, ezért lenne kívánatos egy biológiai növényvédelmi módszer kidolgozása. Évek óta folynak kísérletek természetes eredetű repellens anyagok kidolgozására, parazitoid fajok alkalmazására, a terület izolálására. Ezek a módszerek, technológiák azonban gyakran nem hozzák meg a hozzájuk fűzött reményeket. A növényélettannal foglalkozó szakemberek javaslataira indultak kísérletek a szalicilsavas, illetve jázmonsavas készítményekkel való kezelésekre. Ezek ugyanis képesek növelni a növények immunitását, könnyebben kivédve ezáltal a kórokozók, kártevők támadásait. A cikk egy szalicilsav tartalmú növénykondicionáló készítménnyel történt kezelés tapasztalatait írja le, amelyet a MATE KERTI GYKI Fertődi Kutatóállomásán hajtottak végre. A 2024-es és 2025-ös években a bogyókban lévő lárvapopuláció nagysága mérséklődött, ezért a szalicilsav – az eddigi tapasztalatok alapján és későbbiekben folytatódó kísérletek mellett – ígéretes alternatívának mutatkozik a kártevő elleni védekezésben.
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